Gtk.Widget.prototype.set_name

function set_name(name:String):void {
    // Gjs wrapper for gtk_widget_set_name()
}

Widgets can be named, which allows you to refer to them from a CSS file. You can apply a style to widgets with a particular name in the CSS file. See the documentation for the CSS syntax (on the same page as the docs for Gtk.StyleContext).

Note that the CSS syntax has certain special characters to delimit and represent elements in a selector (period, #, >, *...), so using these will make your widget impossible to match by name. Any combination of alphanumeric symbols, dashes and underscores will suffice.